References

1 - “Buju Banton.” Genius, Genius Media Group Inc., 2018, genius.com/artists/Buju-banton.

2 - “Buju Banton.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Dec. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buju_Banton.

3 - Cooper, Carolyn. Sound Clash: Jamaican Dancehall Culture at Large. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004.

4 - Chude-Sokei, Louis. “The Sound Culture: Dread Discourse and Jamaican Sound Systems. ”Language, Rhythm, and Sound: Black Popular Cultures into the Twenty-First Century. Eds. Joseph K. Adjaye and Adrianne R. Andrews. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997.

5 - Clarke, Peter B. Black Paradise: The Rastafarian Movement. New Religious Movements Series. Wellingborough: The Aquarian Press. 1986.

6 - Davies, Eirlys E. and Abdelai Bentahila. "Code Switching and the Globalisation of Popular Music: The Case of North African Rai and Rap." Multilingua 25, no.4 (2006).

7 - Davis, Nick. Culture Smart! Jamaica. London: Kuperard, 2011.

8 - Edmonds, Ennis B. “Dread “I” In-a-Babylon: Ideological Resistance and Cultural
Revitalization.” Chanting Down Babylon. Eds. Murrell, Spencer and Mc Farlane. 1998.

9 - Fought, Carmen. Language and Ethnicity. Cambridge University Press, 2006.

10 - Farquharson, Joseph T. “Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online.” APiCS Online -, Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. 2013, apics-online.info/contributions/8.

11 - Pollard, V. Dread Talk: The Language of Rastafari. Montreal: McGill-Queen‟s University Press, 2000.

12 - Pulis, J.W. “Up-Full Sounds: Language, Identity, and the World-View of Rastafari". Ethnic Groups, 10, 1993. 

Image Sources

Banner Image: http://members.tripod.com/kid_mysfit/buju.html

i1 - https://jamaicans.com/abc-releases-video-buju-banton-drug-case

i2 - https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8275730/buju-banton-new-album-prison-release

i3 - jhcuk.org

i4 - http://usslave.blogspot.com/2015/01/a-tale-of-two-plantations-slave-life.html

i5 - https://becomingtheoilandwine.com/2017/02/25/the-redemption-song/

i6 - http://str8talkmagazine.com/index.php/2018/06/15/haile-selassie-ethiopias-lion-of-judah/

i7 - amazon.com

i8 - amazon.com

i9 - amazon.com