{"id":127,"date":"2022-03-24T18:57:09","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T18:57:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/texacowiki\/?page_id=127"},"modified":"2024-07-29T21:14:32","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T21:14:32","slug":"sugar-cane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/texacowiki\/sugar-cane\/","title":{"rendered":"Sugarcane"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"342\" src=\"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/texacowiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/67\/2022\/04\/maui_landscape_sugarcane_1121702-1024x342.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/texacowiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/67\/2022\/04\/maui_landscape_sugarcane_1121702-1024x342.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/texacowiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/67\/2022\/04\/maui_landscape_sugarcane_1121702-300x100.jpg 300w, https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/texacowiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/67\/2022\/04\/maui_landscape_sugarcane_1121702-768x256.jpg 768w, https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/texacowiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/67\/2022\/04\/maui_landscape_sugarcane_1121702-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/texacowiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/67\/2022\/04\/maui_landscape_sugarcane_1121702-250x83.jpg 250w, https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/texacowiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/67\/2022\/04\/maui_landscape_sugarcane_1121702.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sugarcane is a species of tropical grass with a hard, thick stem that can reach several meters tall.\u00a0Originating from eastern Asia, sugarcane was brought to the Caribbean by Christopher Columbus, and since then has grown exponentially, impacting the Caribbean culture and economy dramatically. Its rapid growth caused the introduction of slavery into the New World, mixing different cultures together in the process.\u00a0Sugarcane became so valuable in other parts of the world, that its trade stock skyrocketed, jumpstarting one of the biggest trade systems in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Beginnings and Growth<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When Europeans expanded their powerful influence to the Caribbean, they brought enslaved Africans with them, and immediately saw the potential of sugarcane, as it grew well in the tropical climate.\u00a0In <em>Texaco<\/em>, Chamoiseau states: \u201cUp [in the highlands], the <a href=\"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/texacowiki\/bekes\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"535\">b\u00e9k\u00e9s<\/a> did not have a claw in the soil.\u00a0Because their cane was only profitable on lands where their plow worked with ease, they had settled by the sea, on the good ashes of the North, the center\u2019s alluvial flows, and on some Southern plateaus.\u00a0They had only tackled the hills up to the coffee\u2019s height\u201d (Chamoiseau 121).\u00a0Early settlers figured out the most efficient methods for the production and cultivation of sugarcane, growing it in primarily tropical areas.\u00a0They quickly learned that more manpower was needed, prompting the introduction of enslaved persons into the Caribbean, sparking the Triangle Trade system, and impacting the future of sugarcane\u2019s value. Sugarcane and enslaved person farming had extreme importance in the growth and development of the western hemisphere. Since then, things have changed dramatically, including the abolition of slavery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Uses<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sugarcane has a variety of uses that involve different industries.\u00a0Sugarcane is primarily processed into sugar and distributed to make bread, beverages, cakes, candies, canned fruits and vegetables, and other foods.\u00a0The rest is simply put in bags and sent straight to consumers.\u00a0G.B. Hagelburg notes the underrated value of sugarcane: \u201cA good starting point is the relative efficiency of sugar cane as a converter of solar energy into vegetable products, a quality incidentally shared by sugar beet.\u00a0As a rule, sugar cane (and sugar beet) produce larger quantities of utilizable calories per land unit in a given time than any other cultivated plant in their respective climatic zones.\u00a0Under optimum conditions, cane furnishes annually over twenty tons of dry matter per hectare.\u00a0Roughly half the dry matter is in the form of sugars utilizable as food or feed. The other half is mainly fiber.\u00a0As fresh bagasse, it has a fuel value equivalent to about 0.18 its weight of fuel oil, but it is potentially more valuable as a raw material for paper products, building materials and furfural\u201d (10).\u00a0Not only is sugarcane in high demand because of its value in the food industry, but it can also be used in producing biofuels, which can be used for heating and electricity generation.\u00a0The sugarcane plant itself can also be used as a thatch and for livestock.\u00a0Clearly, the value of sugarcane is too good to pass up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Slavery<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The novel <em>Texaco<\/em> by <a href=\"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/texacowiki\/patrick-chamoiseau\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"79\">Patrick Chamoiseau<\/a> explores the life of enslaved people in the sugarcane industry in the early 1800s, primarily telling the story of a formerly enslaved person, <a href=\"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/texacowiki\/esternome-laborieux\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"97\">Esternome Laborieux<\/a>.\u00a0Being an enslaved person was described as being the lowest of the low: \u201cIt dominated the whole, seemed to inhale all.\u00a0The oxen\u2019s exhaustion, the enslaved peoples\u2019 despair, the cane\u2019s beauty, the mills\u2019 soft hiss, this mud, these smells, the rotten bagasse exited in order to feed its magnificent airs of power \u2026 To be dismissed to the fields, outside humanity, became a permanent fear for [Esternome], the worst of all possible punishments\u201d (Chamoiseau 44).\u00a0Sugarcane field workers worked long hours planting, maintaining, and harvesting the sugarcane under hot and dangerous tropical conditions (&#8220;Slave Labor&#8221;). The enslaved field workers had to cut down acres of sugarcane and transport it to a wind-, water-, or animal-driven mill, where the juices were extracted from the crop (<em>Slave labor<\/em>).\u00a0Farming sugarcane was incredibly exhausting, and it took a toll on the lives of those farming it; it was the worst job to work.\u00a0Sugarcane is described to have such beauty and grace, which is shocking considering the horrific evil surrounding its farming and cultivation.\u00a0Chamoiseau uses the juxtaposition between sugarcane and slavery with perfection to highlight one of the biggest stains on humanity\u2019s legacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Impact on Trade<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trade has become a significant factor in globalization, as it helps different cultures and communities connect and share.\u00a0The immense profits and rising demand for sugarcane spread like wildfire in the New World, allowing for trade in the Caribbean to become more common and necessary: \u201cFirms around the world import goods and services, in order to use them as inputs to produce goods and services that are later exported. The imported goods and services incorporated in a country\u2019s exports are a key indicator of economic integration \u2013 they tell us something about \u2018global value chains\u2019, where the different stages of the production process are located across different countries\u201d (Ortiz-Ospina et al.).\u00a0Imports and exports are constantly being produced, continuing to link everything and everyone together on a daily basis.\u00a0Sugarcane is incredibly important in the exponential growth of trade in the last century.\u00a0In fact, it is the pioneer of trade in the Caribbean. Exports today are more than 40 times larger than in 1913, which shows how far global trade has come, and how impactful it can be in the future (Ortiz-Ospina et al.).\u00a0Global export value has steadily increased over the past few decades, rising from 25% in 1990 to about 30% today (Ortiz-Ospina et al.).\u00a0Without the introduction of sugarcane and the growth of the global trade market, perhaps the world wouldn\u2019t look like the one we know today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Works Cited<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban, Diana Beltekian, and Max Roser. &#8220;Trade and Globalization.&#8221; <em>Our World in Data<\/em>. Oct. 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/trade-and-globalization\">https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/trade-and-globalization<\/a>. Accessed 29 March 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chamoiseau, Patrick. <em>Texaco<\/em>. Trans. Rose-Myriam R\u00e9jouis &amp; Val Vinokurov. NY: Vintage, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hagelberg, G. B. <em>The Caribbean Sugar Industries: Constraints and Opportunities<\/em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Slave Labor,&#8221; <em>Slavery and Remembrance<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/slaveryandremembrance.org\/articles\/article\/?id=A0056\">https:\/\/slaveryandremembrance.org\/articles\/article\/?id=A0056<\/a>. Accessed 4 April 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Editorial Collective<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>John Morra, Arden Brady, Mat\u00e9a Diekema<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sugarcane is a species of tropical grass with a hard, thick stem that can reach several meters tall.\u00a0Originating from eastern Asia, sugarcane was brought to the Caribbean by Christopher Columbus, and since then has grown exponentially, impacting the Caribbean culture and economy dramatically. Its rapid growth caused the introduction of slavery into the New World, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":240,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21,14,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-capitalism","category-colonialism","category-slavery"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sugarcane - Texaco Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/texacowiki\/sugar-cane\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sugarcane - Texaco Wiki\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sugarcane is a species of tropical grass with a hard, thick stem that can reach several meters tall.\u00a0Originating from eastern Asia, sugarcane was brought to the Caribbean by Christopher Columbus, and since then has grown exponentially, impacting the Caribbean culture and economy dramatically. 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