{"id":83,"date":"2023-10-12T21:03:21","date_gmt":"2023-10-12T21:03:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/codes2027team2\/?p=83"},"modified":"2023-11-09T19:46:23","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T19:46:23","slug":"83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/codes2027team2\/2023\/10\/12\/83\/","title":{"rendered":"SOURCE ANALYSIS #2"},"content":{"rendered":"

ALEJANDRA MARIA BELTRAN<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

RESEARCH TEAM<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

DR. JACK<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

SOURCE ANALYSIS #2<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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With this source analysis (reading assignment) being the second that we do for this class, I can <\/span><\/span>notice that the central theme will continue to be sustainability and everything that surrounds it. <\/span><\/span>This time, the main purpose of this chapter is to guide us on problem analysis and solution <\/span><\/span>development. <\/span><\/span>In the past source analysis, I defined the meaning of sustainability and talked about the<\/span><\/span>problems related to it. This gave me an introduction to what I learned in this reading and helped <\/span><\/span>me to understand everything we are about to talk about on this source analysis. <\/span><\/span>The beginning of the lecture describes how the sustainability problems don\u2019t have a final <\/span><\/span>solution because sustainability is a process. To be able to find a solution and work on it we must <\/span><\/span>organize our mind and our ideas and on page 123 we can find a TSR framework that would help<\/span><\/span>us to give a detailed and deep answer to the next questions: Where are we (current state), <\/span><\/span>Where are we heading? (Future scenarios), How do we get there? (Sustainable development <\/span><\/span>strategy), and last but not least, where do we want to go? <\/span><\/span>Now, I would like to highlight the following points. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
1. Defining the system and classifying drivers.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
2. Causal Chain Analysis.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
3. Stakeholder Analysis.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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To begin with the point number one, it\u2019s important to mention and define Drivers as governing <\/span><\/span>forces that act on a system, either causing it to change or to remain in its current state and it <\/span><\/span>divides on direct and indirect drivers, and they can be natural or human-caused. <\/span><\/span>Direct drivers are drives that clearly and unequivocally influence the behavior of a system and <\/span><\/span>the Indirect Drivers are the ones that influence the behavior of a system in a more diffuse way <\/span><\/span>by altering one or more direct drives. It is important to mention that drivers cannot be classified <\/span><\/span>until the specific system is defined and that one of our first steps. <\/span><\/span>Defining a system means to identify the boundaries, components, processes, and drivers <\/span><\/span>relevant to a problem that is embedded in a specific place, and context. <\/span><\/span>A part that we need and really should not miss is to define the system boundaries, components<\/span><\/span>and interactions. <\/span><\/span>System boundaries are significant because they have an impact on how a system is viewed, <\/span><\/span>comprehended, designed, implemented, and managed. Setting clear and suitable system <\/span><\/span>boundaries allows you to concentrate on a system’s crucial components and connections while <\/span><\/span>minimizing needless complexity. It is also possible to specify the interfaces and interactions <\/span><\/span>between a system and its surroundings as well as the sources and sinks of information, energy, <\/span><\/span>and materials that flow into and out of a system. Finally, you can develop standards and metrics<\/span><\/span>for assessing a system’s effectiveness and efficiency, as well as its results. Just like we say in <\/span><\/span>Mexico: A problem with neither head nor feet will be impossible to resolve, so it\u2019s really <\/span><\/span>important to start with this.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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When systems are defined in a way that is specific to a local context, then local drivers can be <\/span><\/span>accurately identified, and appropriate solutions will be found and applied more effectively. <\/span><\/span>The next thing I want to talk about is about classifying Driver scale. \u201cDrivers span many spatial <\/span><\/span>scales\u201d When a system and its drivers are successfully identified, it is essential to take into <\/span><\/span>account scaling at bigger and smaller spatial scales both outside and inside the system’s limits.<\/span><\/span>Given that socio-ecological systems are open systems in which energy, matter, and information <\/span><\/span>can move across system boundaries, this is necessary for a full comprehension of the forces that <\/span><\/span>govern the system. <\/span><\/span>Moving forward a little but still talking about Drivers, we need to classify their influence. <\/span><\/span>\u201cNatural and human drivers can influence socioecological systems either directly and <\/span><\/span>unequivocally, or indirectly and more diffusely. The definition of direct and undirect drivers that<\/span><\/span>we described a couple of paragraphs before was defined by the 2005 Millennium Ecosystem <\/span><\/span>Assessment. <\/span><\/span>Now that we are done defining everything about Drivers, we can move forward to talk about <\/span><\/span>Causal chain Analysis. Causality is the relationship of cause and effect, the principle that nothing <\/span><\/span>can happen without being caused. <\/span><\/span>\u201cCause is complicated, but establishing cause is necessary for finding targeted solutions to <\/span><\/span>sustainability problems\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Causal chain analysis helps trace cause-effect pathways form the problem back to the drivers <\/span><\/span>regulating the socioecological system and considers the relationship among interacting drivers. <\/span><\/span>I really liked the example on page 147 because it made everything easier to comprehend. <\/span><\/span>\u201cThe reason that you have sour milk in your fridge might be because you were so busy this <\/span><\/span>week that you did not have time to go to the grocery store to get fresh milk.\u201d Then the chain will <\/span><\/span>look like this: Hectic week (Indirect Driver), sour milk (Direct Driver), Stomachache (Effect). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

(Indirect Driver)——- (Direct Driver)———– (Effect).<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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Before delving into these aspects of causal chain analysis, one more note on causality must be<\/span><\/span>made: CORRELATION\u2014CAUSATION. Means that if two variables are correlated, one does not <\/span><\/span>necessarily cause the other. Another great example that helped me to understand this is: <\/span><\/span>In the late 1940s, a nationwide study found a strong correlation between the incidence rate of <\/span><\/span>new cases of polio among children in a community and per capita ice cream consumption in<\/span><\/span>that community. In other words, as ice cream consumption increased, polio incidence <\/span><\/span>increased. This led some to believe that polio was caused by ice cream consumption. However, <\/span><\/span>other researchers realized that the data sets showing a strong correlation between high ice<\/span><\/span>cream consumption and high incidence of new polio cases were gathered in the summer. Data <\/span><\/span>gathered in the winter showed a lower incidence of new polio cases and a lower rate of ice<\/span><\/span>cream consumption. We now know that polio is a viral infection that spreads more easily when <\/span><\/span>children gather to play in unsanitary conditions, such as during summer vacation, than when <\/span><\/span>children play together under more sanitary school conditions during the winter. Imagine if <\/span><\/span>policy makers had listened to researcher’s first explanation of causation: “Polio is caused by ice cream consumption.” This could have led to an unnecessary ice cream ban! It also would have delayed the development of a vaccine for the disease.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Our last but not least topic is: Identifying Stakeholders. Stakeholders may be broadly described<\/span><\/span>as anyone with an interest or investment in a particular policy, dispute, or organizational seek, <\/span><\/span>but are not always easy to identify. There are three general types of methods that can be <\/span><\/span>employed: Focus groups, interviews and snow-ball sampling. <\/span><\/span>There are also types of Stakeholders that are primary, secondary and key Stakeholders. <\/span><\/span>The primary one means the ones who strongly affect others by their actions or are profoundly affected by the actions of other Stakeholders. <\/span><\/span>The secondary one means the ones who are intermediary and indirectly affect others. The key one means that a critical class of them, can be primary or secondary or neither, and have the power to significantly influence or change a given situation.<\/div>\n
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Stakeholder involvement in and influence over a sustainability issue reveals power dynamics, advantageous alliances, and serious threats. Stakeholder behavior factors lead to actions that have an impact on the sustainability of a system. There is an image of a framework created by sustainability scientist Professor Arnim Wiek on page 166, that describes various factors to take actions that contribute to, and are affected by, a sustainability problem.<\/p>\n

\u201cDictionary Definition & Meaning.\u201d Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster, www.merriamwebster.com\/dictionary\/dictionary. Accessed 14 Sept. 2023.<\/p>\n

\u201cDictionary Definition & Meaning.\u201d Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster, www.merriam- webster.com\/dictionary\/dictionary. Accessed 14 Sept. 2023.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n

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ALEJANDRA MARIA BELTRAN RESEARCH TEAM DR. JACK SOURCE ANALYSIS #2   With this source analysis (reading assignment) being the second that we do for this class, I can notice that the central theme will continue to be sustainability and everything that surrounds it. This time, the main purpose of this chapter is to guide us […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":502,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[11],"class_list":["post-83","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ales-posts","tag-read","post-preview"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/codes2027team2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/codes2027team2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/codes2027team2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/codes2027team2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/502"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/codes2027team2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=83"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/codes2027team2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86,"href":"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/codes2027team2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83\/revisions\/86"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/codes2027team2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=83"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/codes2027team2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=83"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iris.siue.edu\/codes2027team2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=83"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}